ʻO nā'ōmole waina me nāʻano likeʻole a me nā kalaʻaʻole i loko o ka waina maikaʻi wale nō, akā, e hōʻike ana hoʻi i ka nui o kaʻike e pili ana i ka waina iā mākou mai kaʻaoʻao.
Ma mua o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hue waina ʻulaʻula, e kūkākūkā pōkole kākou i ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o ka piha ʻeiwa tausani makahiki o ka waina ʻulaʻula. o ka waina i ka luku o Jiahu ma Henan ua kakau hou i keia mooolelo.Wahi a nā ʻike i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mōʻaukala o Kina ma mua o 1000 mau makahiki ma mua o ko nā ʻāina ʻē.ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo Jiahu Site, kahi kahua koʻikoʻi i ka wā kahiko o Neolithic Age ma Kina, he hale hana hana waina hoʻi i ka honua.Ma hope o ka loiloi kemika o ka sediment ma ka paia o loko o ka ipu lepo i ʻike ʻia ma ke kahua o Jiahu, ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe i kēlā manawa e hana i ka waina raiki fermented, ka meli a me ka waina, a mālama pū lākou i loko o nā ipu lepo. ʻO Georgia, ʻAmenia, Iran a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hana ipu lepo nui mai 4000 BC.I kēlā manawa, hoʻohana nā kānaka i kēia mau mea kanu i ka waina;A hiki i kēia lā, hoʻohana mau ʻo Georgia i nā ipu i loko o ka ʻāina e hana i ka waina, ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo KVEVRI. (ka Helene kahiko).
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo 121 BC ʻo ka makahiki ʻOpimian, kahi e pili ana i ka makahiki waina maikaʻi loa i ka makahiki gula o Roma kahiko.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia hiki ke inu ʻia kēia waina ma hope o 100 mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 77, kākau ʻo Pliny the Elder, kahi mea kākau encyclopedic ma Roma kahiko, i nā huaʻōlelo kaulana "Vino Veritas" a me "In Wine There Is Truth" ma kāna puke "Natural History. ".
I loko o ke kenekulia 15-16, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka waina i loko o nā ipu porcelain a laila hoʻomoʻi hou ʻia e hoʻohua ai i nā ʻōpū;ʻO kēia ʻano Cremant ka prototype o ka waina ʻālohilohi Farani a me ka cider English. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16, i mea e pale ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka waina i ka wā o ka halihali lōʻihi, ua hoʻolōʻihi ka poʻe i kona ola ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka waiʻona (ke ala hoʻoikaika).Mai ia manawa, ua hana ʻia nā waina paʻa kaulana e like me Port, Sherry, Madeira a me Marsala ma kēia ʻano. ipu waina pepeiao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo mōʻaukala.ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki ke kau ʻia ka ʻōmole aniani i kēlā manawa ma ke poʻo, no laila ua maʻalahi ke pani lāʻau ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana, a no laila ua nalowale kona hopena sila.
Ma Bordeaux, he makahiki maikaʻi loa ʻo 1949, i kapa ʻia ʻo Vintage of the Century. I ka makahiki 1964, ua hānau ʻia ka Bag-in-a-Box Wines mua o ka honua. Ua mālama ʻia ka hōʻike waina mua ma ka honua ma 1967 ma Verona , Ikalia.I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka mea ʻohi mechanized mua o ka honua ma New York. I ka makahiki 1978, ʻo Robert Parker, ka mea hoʻokae waina ʻoi loa i ka honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo The Wine Advocate magazine, a ua lilo kāna ʻōnaehana hōʻailona i mea koʻikoʻi. no nā mea kūʻai aku e kūʻai i ka waina.Mai ia manawa, ua lilo ʻo 1982 i wahi hoʻololi no nā hana maikaʻi a Parker.
I ka makahiki 2000, ua lilo ʻo Farani i mea hana waina nui loa ma ka honua, a ma hope o Italia.
Ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka waina ʻulaʻula, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hue waina ʻulaʻula.He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka ninini ʻana o ka poʻe kahiko i nā kīʻaha waina me nā ipu lepo palaka.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ke aniani i ka wā kahiko o Roma, akā ʻo nā kīʻaha aniani i kēlā manawa he mea makamae a kakaikahi, he mea paʻakikī loa e hana a palupalu.I kēlā manawa, ua noʻonoʻo ka poʻe aliʻi i ke aniani paʻakikī e kiʻi i ka papa kiʻekiʻe, a i kekahi manawa ua wahī ʻia i ke gula.ʻO ka mea i hoʻokani ʻia e ke Komohana, ʻaʻole ia he gula i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka jade, akā he gula i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka "aniani"!Inā mākou e hoʻohana i nā ipu aniani e loaʻa ai ka waina, he mea kupanaha ia e like me nā ʻōmole i hana ʻia i ke daimana.
ʻO ka waina i ʻike ʻia ma Iran ma kahi o 5400 BC ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā waina i hana mua ʻia ma ka honua, akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waina ma nā wahi neoneo o Jiahu ma Henan ua kākau hou i kēia moʻolelo.Wahi a nā ʻike i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mōʻaukala o Kina ma mua o 1000 mau makahiki ma mua o ko nā ʻāina ʻē.ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo Jiahu Site, kahi kahua koʻikoʻi i ka wā kahiko o Neolithic Age ma Kina, he hale hana hana waina hoʻi i ka honua.Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana kemika o ka sediment ma ka paia o loko o ka ipu lepo i ʻeli ʻia ma ke kahua o Jiahu, ua ʻike ʻia e hana ka poʻe ia manawa i ka waina raiki fermented, ka meli a me ka waina, a mālama pū lākou i loko o nā ipu lepo. ke keneturi umikumamahiku, i ka wa i ikeia ai ka lanahu.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana wela o ka lanahu ma mua o ka mauʻu laiki a me ka mauʻu, a hiki ke maʻalahi ka wela o ka lapalapa ma mua o 1000 ℃, no laila e emi a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ke aniani.Akā, ʻo nā ʻōmole aniani he mau mea laʻa wale nō i ʻike ʻia e ka papa kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻomaka.(Makemake au e lawe i kekahi mau hue waina a hiki i ke kenekulia 17 e hoʻololi i nā pimples gula!) I kēlā manawa, kūʻai nui ʻia ka waina.Loaʻa paha i ka poʻe me nā kūlana waiwai maikaʻi ka ʻōmole aniani.I kēlā me kēia manawa a lākou e makemake ai e inu, lawe lākou i ka ʻōmole ʻole a hele i ke alanui e kiʻi i 20 keneta waina!
Ua hana ʻia nā ʻōmole aniani mua loa e ka puhi ʻana i ka lima, no laila e loaʻa i ka ʻōmole ke ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano a me ka hiki me ka mākaukau ʻenehana a me ka mana koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia mea hana ʻōmole.ʻO ia no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o nā hue.No ka manawa lōʻihi,ʻaʻole iʻaeʻia ka waina e kūʻaiʻia i loko o nā'ōmole, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā hana kūponoʻole.Hoʻopaʻa ke kanaka i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka paipu lōʻihi kūʻokoʻa wela i loko o ka wai aniani wela a puhi i ka hopena i loko o kahi poʻi.Hoʻoponopono kekahi mea kōkua i ka hoʻololi mold ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.ʻO nā huahana semi-hoʻopau e puka mai ana mai loko mai o ka ʻōpala e like me kēia e pono ai ke kumu, a i ʻole pono i ʻelua mau kānaka e hui pū.Hoʻohana kekahi kanaka i ke koʻokoʻo metala wela e hoʻopaʻa i ka lalo o nā huahana semi-hoʻopau ʻia, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli i ke kino o ka ʻōmole i ka wā e hana ai ka lalo o ka hue i kahi kumu like a kūpono.ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōmole kumu he haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka ikaika centrifugal ke puhi ʻia ka ʻōmole a hoʻololi.
Mai ke kenekulia 17, ua loli nui ke ʻano o ka hue i nā makahiki 200 e hiki mai ana.Ua loli ke ʻano o ka ʻōmole mai kahi aniani pōkole i kahi kolamu nani.ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo kekahi o nā kumu i hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka waina, a hiki ke mālama ʻia ka waina i loko o nā hue.I ka wā e mālama ai, ua ʻike ʻia he wahi ākea kēlā mau ʻili palahalaha a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka mālama ʻana, a pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ko lākou ʻano;ʻO ka lua, ua ʻike mālie ka poʻe he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waina i mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻōmole ma mua o ka waina i hana ʻia, ʻo ia ke ʻano embryonic o ka manaʻo "wine ripening" hou.ʻO ka waiho ʻana i loko o ka ʻōmole ua lilo i mea maʻamau, no laila pono ke ʻano o ka hue e lawelawe no ka hoʻokomo kūpono a me ka mālama wahi.
I ka wā o ka puhi ʻana i ka hue aniani, hilinaʻi nui ka leo i ka mana koʻikoʻi o ka puhi hue.Ma mua o nā makahiki 1970, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā hue waina mai 650 ml a 850 ml.ʻO nā ʻōmole Burgundy a me ka champagne ka nui, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka sherry a me nā hue waina ʻē aʻe.ʻAʻole hiki i ka 1970s ka hui ʻana o ka European Union i ka nui o nā hue waina, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea āpau e 750ml.A hiki i ka 1970s, ua hoʻonohonoho ka European Community i ka nui o nā hue waina maʻamau e like me 750ml i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka standardization.I kēia manawa, ʻae ʻia nā hue maʻamau 750 ml i ka honua.Ma mua o kēlā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmole o Burgundy a me Champagne ma mua o nā ʻōmole o Bordeaux, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hue sherry ma mua o ko Bordeaux.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hue maʻamau o kekahi mau ʻāina he 500ml.No ka laʻana, hoʻopiha ʻia ka waina ʻono Hungarian Tokai i nā hue 500ml.Ma waho aʻe o nā'ōmole maʻamau, aia nā'ōmole liʻiliʻi aʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā'ōmole maʻamau.
ʻOiai ʻo 750ml nā ʻōmole maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka wehewehe a me ka nui o nā hue o nā mana ʻē aʻe ma waena o Bordeaux a me Champagne.
ʻOiai ua hui pū ʻia ka nui o nā hue waina, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ko lākou kino, e hōʻike pinepine ana i ka kuʻuna o kēlā me kēia wahi.Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻōmole o nā kiʻi maʻamau i ke kiʻi.No laila, mai haʻalele i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano o ka hue, ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ke kumu o ka waina.Eia kekahi laʻana, ma nā'āina New World, hoʻokomo pinepineʻia nā waina mai Pinot Noir a me Chardonnay i loko o nā'ōmole Burgundy e like me ke kumu;Ma ke ala like, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā waina ʻulaʻula maloʻo ʻo Cabernet Sauvignon a me Merlot i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā hue Bordeaux.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hue i kekahi manawa he hōʻailona o ke ʻano: Hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka ʻulaʻula maloʻo o Rioja me Tempranillo a i ʻole Kohena.Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o Tempranillo i loko o ka ʻōmole, hoʻohana nā mea hana i nā ʻano ʻōmole e like me Bordeaux e wehewehe i kona mau ʻano ikaika a ikaika.Inā nui aʻe nā Gerberas, makemake lākou e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hue Burgundy e hōʻike i kona ʻano palupalu a palupalu.
I ka ʻike ʻana ma aneʻi, ʻo ka poʻe keʻokeʻo i hauʻoli mua i ka waina, ua maule lākou i nā manawa he nui.No ka mea, pono ka ʻala a me ka ʻono o ka waina i kekahi mau koi no ke ʻano o ka ʻono a me ka ʻono, kahi e pono ai ka lōʻihi o ke aʻo ʻana a me ke kālena no ka mea hoʻomaka.Mai hopohopo, ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka "posture" o ka ʻala a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka waina.I kēia lā, hōʻike mākou i ka mea hoʻomaka i ka waina hou e pono e loaʻa nā waiwai maloʻo wikiwiki!ʻO ia ka ʻike ʻana i ka waina mai ke ʻano o ka ʻōmole!Manaʻo: Ma waho aʻe o ke kuleana o ka mālama ʻana a me nā hue waina kekahi hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka waina.ʻO kēia nā ʻano ʻōmole waina kaulana loa.
1.Bordeaux'ōmole
ʻO ka ʻōmole Bordeaux nā poʻohiwi pololei.Loaʻa i nā ʻōmole o nā kala like ʻole nā ʻano waina like ʻole.ʻO nā ʻōmole Bordeaux he streamline ʻaoʻao, ākea nā poʻohiwi, a me ʻekolu kala: ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻole: ʻulaʻula maloʻo i loko o nā hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo maloʻo i nā hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i loko o nā hue keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā mea kūʻai waina ma nā ʻāina ʻo New World no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano waina hui ʻia ʻo Bordeaux, a ʻo nā waina Italia e like me Chianti e hoʻohana mau ʻia e paʻa i nā hue Bordeaux.
ʻO keʻano o ka'ōmole maʻamau o ka'ōmole Bordeaux, me ka poʻohiwi ākea a me ke kino cylindrical, he mea paʻakikī ke nininiʻana i ka lepo.Ma Italia, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hue, e like me ka waina Chianti hou.
ʻOiai he mea maʻamau kēia ʻano ʻōmole waina a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka ʻōmole, mālama a lawe ʻia, makemake nui ʻia e nā hale waina.
2. ʻOmole Burgundy
ʻO ka hue Burgundy ka hue waina kaulana a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma waho o ka hue Bordeaux.Kapa ʻia ka ʻōmole Burgundy i ka ʻōmole poʻohiwi slant.He laumania kona laina poʻohiwi, he poepoe ke kino o ka omole, a manoanoa a paa ka kino omole.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hue Burgundy e paʻa i ka Pinot Noir, a i ʻole ka waina ʻulaʻula e like me Pinot Noir, a me ka waina keʻokeʻo o Chardonnay.He mea kūpono ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo kēia ʻano ʻōmole poʻohiwi diagonal kaulana i ke awāwa ʻo Rhone o Farani he ʻano like hoʻi me ka hue Burgundian, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o ka hue, ʻoi aku ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka ʻōmole. poʻohiwi a me ke kino pololei e hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i nā keonimana kahiko o ʻEulopa.ʻO ke kino o ka'ōmole he manaʻo ikaika o ka streamline, he poʻohiwi liʻiliʻi, he kino poepoe a ākea, a he ʻāwī ma lalo.ʻO nā waina maʻamau i loko o nā hue Burgundy ʻo Chardonnay a me Pinot Noir mai nā ʻāina ʻo New World.ʻO kekahi mau waina piha piha, e like me Barolo ma Italia, hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā hue Burgundy.
3.Alsace'ōmole
Slim a slender, e like me ka blonde Farani me ke kiʻi maikaʻi.ʻElua kala o ka ʻōmole i kēia ʻano.Kapa ʻia ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hue Alsace, a ʻo ke kino ʻeleʻele ʻo Rhine bottle, a ʻaʻohe ʻāwī ma lalo!He ʻokoʻa ka waina i loko o kēia ʻano hue waina, mai ka maloʻo a i ka semi maloʻo a i ka ʻono, hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka lepili waina.
4.'Omole Champagne
ʻO ke kino ākea me nā poʻohiwi hili e like me ka ʻōmole Burgundia, akā ʻoi aku ka nui, e like me ke kiaʻi kino.ʻO ka lalo o ka'ōmole ke kaumaha hohonu, ʻo ia ke kū i ke kaomi nui i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina carbonization i loko o ka hue champagne.Hoʻopili ʻia ka waina ʻālohilohi maʻamau i loko o kēia ʻōmole, no ka mea hiki i kēia hoʻolālā ke kū i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o ka waina ʻālohilohi
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hue waina hou he mau kala ʻeleʻele, no ka mea, e pale ka pōʻeleʻele i ka mana o ka mālamalama i ka maikaʻi o ka waina.Akā, ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo ke kumu o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka hue aniani i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i hiki ʻole i nā kānaka ke wehe i nā haumia i loko o ke aniani.Akā aia kekahi mau laʻana o nā ʻōmole aniani, e like me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, i ʻike ʻoe iā ia ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōmole.I kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ka waina ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmole kala ʻole, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōmole kala e mālama i ka waina kahiko.
Ma muli o ka mahana o ke aniani hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole, hōʻike nā ʻōmole ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana i nā kala like ʻole.Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōmole ʻulaʻula ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me Italia a me Rhineland ma Kelemānia.I ka wā ma mua, ʻokoʻa loa nā waihoʻoluʻu o ka German Rhineland a me Moselle.He ʻeleʻele ʻo Rhineland a ʻo Moselle ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Akā i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai waina Kelemania e hoʻohana i nā hue ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻopili i kā lākou waina, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nani o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo?Pēlā paha! I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoulu ʻia kekahi kala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, "dead leaf color".He kala kēia ma waena o ka melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Ua ʻike mua ʻia ma ka pahu o ka waina keʻokeʻo Chardonnay Burgundy.Me ka holo ʻana o Chardonnay a puni ka honua, hoʻohana pū nā distilleries ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe i kēia kala lau make e hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou waina.
Manaʻo wau e hiki i kēia ʻatikala ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka waina ʻulaʻula a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hue waina ʻulaʻula
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-27-2022Blog ʻē aʻe
